Unit four: Principles of supporting change in a business environment Essay

Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 3 pages and is made up of 3 Sections. Name: Andrea Ecsegi Section 1: Why change happens This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Understand why change happens in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 1.1 Explain reasons for change in a business environment Question 1 Page 1 1. Explain why change happens in a business environment. You should include at least three reasons in your answer. [1.1] Change in business environment are become very important, without it they can’t keep up with the demands of the customers/clients as their needs, expectations and requirements are changing frequently and quickly. Consequences of not making any changes can cause loss of customers, business failure or in some cases even breaking the law. We can speak about two  different kind of changes: reactive and proactive changes. The reactive changes are responding to external influences. PEST contains the four main factors of these: political, economical, social and technological. Proactive changes are made as a result of internal demands by a desire to make the business more effective. Some of the reasons can be to lower waste and costs, launch a new product or upgrade IT equipment. Section 2: Supporting change This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 2: Understand the purpose of supporting change in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 2.1 Identify reasons for reviewing working methods, products or services Question 1 Page 2 2.2 Describe types of support that people may need during change Question 2a Page 2 2.3 Explain the benefits of working with others during change Question 2b Page 2 1. Identify the main reasons for reviewing working methods, products and / or services in a business environment. [2.1] In the business environment everything is always changing therefore it is really important to review working methods, products and/or services from time to time. An organisation may want to review its products/services to make sure it still meets with the customers’ requirements and expectations thus they can stay competitive, efficient and productive. Reviewing the working methods can be really useful if the business is not happy with its performance or just simply want to improve and develop. 2. When a business is going through change: a) Describe the different types of support that people may need. [2.2] Some of the people can find changes hard to accept, they can become stressed. These type of people need extra support and help to get use to the new changes. The most common types of support includes: Effective planning: helps to avoid confusion and confrontation. Participation: sometimes staff have opportunity to take part in changes therefore they can feel more comfortable with it. Clear communication, explanations and expectations: gives clarity to employees about the changes will occur, how this will affect their job and why this have to be made. Encouragement: the manager’s behaviour can help to the staff to adapt the changes more easily, they need to be friendly and helpful. Training or retraining: changes in work methods, products and/or services can require training or retraining to get the skills employees might need to keep up with changes and stay effective. Counselling or coaching: support from trained professionals who have experience of helping people to adopt changes. b) Explain the benefits of working with others. [2.3] For employees it can be difficult to accept changes, they might get anxious and stressed. If people are working together they can help each other, talk about problems, share their experience and support each other. Section 3: Responding to change This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 3: Understand how to respond to change in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 3.1 Explain the purpose of responding positively to changes in working methods, products or services Question 1a Page 3 Question 1b Page 3 3.2 Identify ways of responding positively to change Question 1c Page 3 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with): a) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in working methods. [3.1] Changes in working methods are usually happening to improve and speed up the working process. A positive can-do attitude will result good relationships with others and helps to learn faster and easier. If I resist and don’t accept the new way I should do my job this will generate conflicts and will bring stress to my workplace, others may have to do my work again because it’s not appropriate and also I might slow down the workflow what can result serious problems in the restaurant regarding to customers as well. b) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in products or services. [3.1] Customers’ requirements are always changing and we always have to give the best service/products – we have to make sure these are suitable and efficient – thus changes occur often. If I don’t adopt the change what have been made to serve customers better they might not meet with their needs and will leave the restaurant to find another better place. It is very important to keep up with customers’ demands and market innovations in a restaurant as you can find loads of them especially in central London. c) Identify ways of responding positively to change. [3.2] Employers are looking for people who are willing to change, happy to improve their skills. If I resist and I’m not willing to keep up with improvements I can lose my job as a result people don’t want to work with a passive employee. The most important ways how to respond to changes: Willingness to learn: understand that to learn new skills will serve us on our carrier. Willingness to teach: sharing the information and skills with others will help them to adopt changes. Willingness to solve problems: these  kind of people are looking for solutions and not waiting for others. Employers prefer to employ these type of people. Maintaining a positive outlook: have a happy and can-do attitude. Enjoying the chance to change and adapt: looking at changes as something good and beneficial Once you have completed all 3 Sections of this Assessment, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

An Unforgettable Experience Essay

Though there was an atmosphere of gaiety yet it was tinged with an air of melancholy and sadness. My class-mates and I were in their best dresses. This was the first time in I he span of twelve years that I was not wearing school uniform. We all occupied our seats and the function started. First of all, there was a ceremony of lighting the lamp which was inaugurated by the Principal of our school. Then the students of 12th class lighted their candles from the big lamp. It was followed by the students of 11th class that was hosting the party in our honour. After this ceremony, programmes of entertainment were put up for our amusement and recreation by the hosting party. There were the items of balloon-breaking with a foot, buns-eating hanging down a sting, musical chair and such other allied things. Some of them sang folk songs and danced a rig. After that the stage was left to us to present our items. While our programmes were going on, dainty dishes containing potato chips, pastry, samosa and rasgullas were served to all those who were present. Along with these delicacies, coffee was also served. Some of the students had torn themselves away from the assembly to collect autographs of their beloved teachers. There were speeches in English and Hindi delivered by the Principal and teachers. They all advised us not to do any such deed as to lower the prestige of the school. They told us that we should never forget our ammeter and her ideals. In the end, we were all wished a brilliant success not only in the forthcoming examination but in life also.’ Then we had a photograph spree. ‘There were class-wise photographs with their class teachers and the-Principal and also individual photographs. This continued till it was -the time for the school to break. And by and by all went back home with a sad heart caused by departure but with new hope’s to enter a wider world of new challenges of life.

The myth of American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The myth of American Dream - Essay Example The American dream is that America is the land of opportunity that all can equally avail of; with immense possibilities and opportunities for upward mobility. It is closely related to the myth of meritocracy that those who work hard â€Å"will enjoy and profit from these opportunities† (Loupe & Ojeda 1). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the American dream, and the myths related to the concept. The American Dream The American dream includes not only the hope for a brighter future and a formula for success, but also knowledge of outcomes from the fulfillment of the dream. The outcomes include home ownership, improving life chances for children which is today denoted as sending them to college, â€Å"having a chance to get rich, and achieve a secure and comfortable retirement† (McNamee & Miller 9). The prospects for making the American dream come true have declined in recent years, leading to American workers feeling pessimistic about the futur e. Social Mobility and Economic Success The American dream of the promised land of opportunities denotes the possibility and opportunity for social mobility. Economic prosperity is considered to result in upward mobility, with inceasing income leading to a better position in society. Social and economic mobility are mutually related, and both are closely related to income. The American dream is mainly based on the promise of mobility in the economic ladder. According to Browne (p.1), â€Å"the ability of American families to move up or down the income ladder within a lifetime or from one generation to the next, is a unifying and core tenet of the American dream†. Since opportunity is a core element in social mobility and financial success, education is a determining factor for getting opportunities. â€Å"Education is often considered to be at the heart of the social class equation† (Steinberg 269). In a society that values and rewards knowledge and associates it with power, education plays a crucial role in achieving social and economic success. Individualism as the Basis of the American Dream The American dream is founded on an emphasis on the individual and on individualism. Significantly, individualism as the basis of the American dream is deeply rooted in the â€Å"religious, political, economic, and cultural experience of America as a nation of immigrants† (McNamee & Miller 4). Toqueville defines individualism as â€Å"a mature and calm feeling which disposes each member of the community to sever himself from the mass of his fellow creatures† (p.118). He particularly distinguished individualism from egotism; and linked individualism to equality and the absence of aristocracy. Thus, in America people were free to achieve, not through hereditary title, but on their own merit. Therefore the emerging concept of the American dream included both political freedom from tyranny, and also economic freedom to achieve success through one ’s own merits (McNamee & Miller 7). The Myth of the American Dream During the European colonization of America, the indigenous people of America were eliminated, displaced or assimilated, while the imported immigrants who formed other minority groups were exploited for their labor to â€Å"develop the vast resources of America, generate incredible wealth, build its infrastructure and establish cities, towns and industries that would be administered by the

Probability Assignment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Probability Assignment - Speech or Presentation Example Since the committee consists of 3 members, there are 3! possible permutations of any committee. Thus, we need to divide the number of permutations by 6 to get the number of combinations: When a coin is tossed once, there are two outcomes. It can turn up a head or a tail. When 10 coins are tossed simultaneously, the total number of outcomes = 210. In this event, if the third coin were to turn up a head, then the number of possibilities for the third coin is only 1 as the outcome is fixed as head. Therefore, the remaining 9 coins can turn up either a head or a tail equals 29. The first envelope can be posted in any of the 3 mailboxes. Hence, there are 3 choices for it. Similarly, each of the other four envelopes can be posted in any of the 3 mailboxes. Therefore, the total number of ways these 5 envelopes can be posted in the 3 mailboxes is 3*3*3*3*3 =

Small Business Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Small Business Success - Essay Example are believed to be driving forces to the success of small businesses and what business starters ought to do to increase likelihood of their businesses success. Most successful small businesses takes adequate time to set goals that give them clarity on the direction to take and how they need to carry out their activities in order to succeed. They are driven by their goals and objective despite the challenges encountered along the way such as stiff competition and lack of adequate finance (Bider and Johannesson 2005, p.627). Success can therefore be elusive especially if a small enterprise does not have a clear goal. Successful enterprises always provide room for alternative process and ideas if the initial one fails to deliver desired results. This ensures that activities are carried on as usual after occurrence of setbacks because alternative solutions complement the initial approach (Olivo 2001, p.45). For example, when workers in a small business resist changes, management can decide to bargain with them until they reach at a neutral position on how to embrace the new changes. They can also decide to abandon introducing new changes especially if they are likely to adversely affect workers morale which, possibly could results to poor performance. Setbacks are almost common in a business set up and they may require skilful approach to handle them. A business should acknowledge challenges and formulate various policies to help bouncing back to the initial position before occurrence of a certain challenge. A firm with determination on what it expects to achieve will always bounce back to the right track even after suffering huge losses because their aim is to hit their target. This is a very important trait among small businesses as it ensures that a business handle their own issues without much ado. The ability of making independent decision puts a business at a higher competitive notch since they do not have to consult others thus enhancing quick decision

The Effects of Equality Act 2010 on NHS Employment Dissertation

The Effects of Equality Act 2010 on NHS Employment - Dissertation Example Equality act 2010 all the public service organisations operating in the UK directly or indirectly. The company's have to reframe their customer service standards, change the method of complaint handling and pay more attention to employee related issues. Every company has to support a report ensuring there is no gender-based, race-based or disability-based discrimination in their office proving the same through statistical data (Briefing 74, 2010).NHS or National Health Service is a very famous trust providing health services for certain people in the UK. The trust handles nearly 9 million telephone calls a year and over 1.5 million website oriented requests. Over 3000 staff works with NHS answering the telephone calls, booking appointments and attending emergency cases (NHS Direct, 2011). People from different type of classes, races and financial background call NHS daily. NHS is the best organisation to monitor how the equality act 2010 affects the employment strategies of an organi sation directly and indirectly. Before dwelling deep into the research methodology let us analyse the history of the Equality act 2010 in detail.The Equality act 2010 was framed after precise evaluation of various political and social circumstances. The team of experts analysed the historical basis on which the previous laws were formed and eliminated over 100 small classes and subsections to grow them all under one single act. Several notable pieces of antidiscrimination laws like Equal Pay Act 1970 The Sex Discrimination.

The Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Media - Essay Example Those who have made the change are aware of this bias and do not want to be influenced by it, especially if they are not of the same opinion. It appears to be an undeniable fact that the media has the power to influence people’s opinions, which can severely impact social and political climates; therefore, it is extremely important that the average person develop the ability to judge the quality of their news sources. First and foremost, it is vital that people understand precisely how the media impacts their opinions. According to the article entitled â€Å"How the Media Portray Issues,† author Scott London tells his audience that they must pay greater attention to how their news is framed. â€Å"A frame is the central organizing idea for making sense of relevant events and suggesting what is at issue†¦To identify frames, the informational content of news reports is less important than the interpretive commentary that attends it†(London). In essence, London is saying that the news itself does not matter, but it is how the news is presented to the audience that is very important to be aware of as it is the media’s â€Å"interpretation† of the news which can influence the public’s opinions. Since a lot of the traditional media sources are interpreted from a liberal perspective, that means that the media might not report certain aspects of a piece of news if it does not fall in line with or hurts their own opinion/interpretation of it. This type of thinking shows a lack of objectivity. According to London, â€Å"Objectivity has been the ruling principle in American journalism for the better part of the 20th century†(London). However, London believes that objectivity does not really exist in today’s world: â€Å"objectivity became a standard in journalism "precisely when the impossibility of overcoming subjectivity in presenting the news was

Nursing care specifically related to strokes and stroke care Essay

Nursing care specifically related to strokes and stroke care - Essay Example ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes (Mink & Miller, 2011). Since both these kinds might have similar manifestations but have considerably different underlying etiology and require different management and interventions, it is of foremost importance to correctly recognize strokes as early as possible from the onset and to intervene in a timely fashion in order to minimize the possible ill-effects and deficits that can arise due to this disorder (Mink & Miller, 2011). This paper briefly discusses the different types of strokes, their clinical manifestations and available treatment modalities; throws light on the importance of stroke recognition and how fast acting care for strokes can highly affect patient outcomes; and focuses on the importance of knowledge regarding strokes for nurses, the role of nurses in care provision for stroke patients and the importance of being up to date and knowledgeable on stoke care for nurses. Moreover, it also identifies some shortcomings in the ex isting literature for stroke care and the role of nurses and provides recommendations for future research in this arena. Stroke: Types, clinical presentation and available interventions As pointed out above, strokes can be broadly classified into two main kinds, viz. ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (Trembly, 2010). ... Hemorrhagic strokes can be further subdivided into two main types, viz. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) and Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) (Trembly, 2010) based on their underlying etiology. While ICH inflicts almost 70,000 individuals annually in the US, approximately 30,000 individuals suffer from an aSAH each year (Mink & Miller, 2011). Amongst all kinds of stroke, the type associated with the poorest outcomes is aneurysmal SAH, which is not only associated with high mortality rates but also have high complication rates due to re-bleeding and/or vasospasm occurring later on in the course of the disease, resulting in poorer patient outcomes (Trembly, 2010). The most important risk factors which are common for all type of strokes include smoking, hypertension and alcohol abuse, while some risk factors which are exclusive for ischemic strokes include diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, hypercoagulable states and atherosclerosis, amongst others (Mink & Miller, 2011; Trembly, 2010). Patients suffering from either an ischemic stroke or an ICH commonly present with a sudden onset of focal neurologic deficits which has a variable course, but often worsens as time progresses (Mink & Miller, 2011; Trembly, 2010). On the other hand, a typical presenting complaint of patients suffering from SAH is headache, which most patients describe as the worst headache of their lives, often associated with nausea, vomiting and nuchal rigidity (Mink & Miller, 2011). For all types of strokes, diagnosis is based predominantly on the recognition of patient symptoms and neuroimaging modalities such as CT scans which help in elucidating the underlying etiology (Mink & Miller, 2011;

Managing Information Technology in Small Business Term Paper

Managing Information Technology in Small Business - Term Paper Example Tebrak is a construction company that was established in 1979. The company was registered and started its operations in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. It was initially started as a family business and had 30 employees at the time it was being incorporated. Tebrak managed to grow its workforce and by 1995, the company had employed more than 250 workers. In the year 2000, the company was classified level B. The company also managed to diversify its operations and in 2005 it commenced the supply of medical equipment and devices to hospitals. The company has been managed by a family with the assistance of twelve management-level employees in each company. It has also recorded approximately 200 million Saudi Riyal in sales revenue. This has seen Tebrak grow into a large company that has been offering significant employment opportunities to the residents of Riyadh city. Despite the robust growth of Tebrak, there was the issue of centralization of decision making. Decision making was for a long time restricted to top level management. The lower level of management was never involved in any decision-making process. This restricted participation in decision making never provided freedom of decision making (Aksoy & DeNardis, 2007). The top level of management was involved in strategic planning while the lower level was involved in the implementation of policies devised by the top management. The organization managed to emerge as the market leader in an industry that was very competitive with large firms dominating the industry. Tebrak had adequate capital that saw the company invest in a number of economically viable projects that sustained its profitability for a very long time. There was less use of technology during the early 1990s and most of the firms were unable to remain competitive. This resulted in the exit of a number of companies because of decreasing profit margins.

Media industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media industry - Essay Example (Ross 2004). The situation is not very different in the advertising industry, as we will see in the discussion on the industry. Women in British Media: Many media commentators described the 1990s as the decade of women. The (then) Conservative government in Britain initiated affirmative action to employ women in large numbers in all sectors including the media industry. There was an apprehension that there would not be enough female graduates to fill job demand. In 1990, three women were actually appointed as editors of national newspapers. This is not to say that the atmosphere of gender discrimination has totally changed. Soft Jobs and the Fair Sex: Even in the allocation of routine jobs, there is a gender divide. By convention men journalists covered news stories concerning politics, crime, finance, education and upbringing; women covered 'human interest', consumer news, culture and social policy. Men covered the 'facts', 'sensation' and 'male' angles while women covered the 'background and effects', 'compassion', 'general' and 'female' angles. The sources for men were men and women were women. The ethics behind men's stories were detached while those of women's were based on social needs. (Carter 1998 36 - Adapted from table) Is it different in the U.S. ... Broadcast journalism employs 26% women as local TV news directors, 17% as local TV managers and 13% as general managers in radio stations. The silver lining of the situation according to Byerly is that many male journalists today identify with feminism and "indeed, have taken their feminist colleagues' side to protest sexist news coverage as well as to demand more egalitarian newsroom policies." (Byerly 2004 113) And Internationally : The situation is not much different internationally. A survey by the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), world's largest journalists' association, shows that the number of women journalists varies widely: from 6% in Sri Lanka to around 50% in Finland. But at higher - decision making - levels like editors, department heads and media owners, the numbers are very low and account for barely 6%. The percentage is highest (10-20) in Cyprus, Costa Rica, Mexico and Sweden. (Byerly 2004 109-126) Social Milieu and Women in Media: When we seek to analyze the levels at which women are employed by the media industry, it is important to consider the socio-political milieu in which the industry functions and the power the industry wields. This is because media too is a product of the socio-political milieu and cannot be considered in isolation. The social power of the communication (media) industries has long been recognised "as being at the heart of contemporary societies industrially, economically, politically and culturally" (Marris et. al. (eds.) 1999 13). Electronic age and the advent of the internet have added a new powerful thrust to traditional media, which primarily consisted of print media, radio and motion pictures and

Reading Response to Ali and Nino Essay Example for Free

Reading Response to Ali and Nino Essay The most evident and reoccurring theme that I noticed in Kurban Said’s, Ali and Nino was the importance of religion and cultural backgrounds. In many different places in the story it is evident that Ali and Nino have been taught some completely different things about the world in general. The first major example that I found is when Ali speaks with his father and Nino’s father about marrying Nino. Although they are both somewhat supportive of the marriage, they both send completely opposite messages. Ali’s father tells him that the love for Nino is not necessary and that if he wants Ali can still marry up to three more wives. Contrary to Ali’s fathers belief, Nino’s father feels very differently. He feels that he must show unconditional love and treat her with the dignity and respect that she deserves. He also feels that he should focus all her energy and love on her rather than having any other wives. If Nino’s father doubts Ali’s for his daughter, maybe that is part of the reason why he tried to postpone the wedding. The second example I found is when Nino tells Ali he absolutely can not have a harem because it is considered a disgraceful tradition of Ali’s background to Nino and her family. Ali agrees that he will not have a Harem and then the question of whether or not Nino will have to wear a veil. After a bit of deliberation between Ali and Nino, they were still unable to reach a conclusion to whether or not Nino would have to wear a veil. Nino does not understand why a women must wear a veil whereas Ali feels that it is very important that the women does so that Nino will be protected from strangers looks. Although Ali and Nino are very much in love there are very many cultural differences and misunderstandings that make this inter religion/faith marriage a bit more complicated. This idea of religious differences and cultural misunderstandings really hits home for me. As a Jewish adult, it has always been very important to me to marry someone of the same faith and belief system. As I have grown up I do believe that the most important thing is being happy and that being accepting of all peoples values and morals is very much important. Out of personal experience, I have two relatives that both decided to marry out of the Jewish faith. Neither of these marriages have worked out very well in regards to my family. The first relative of mine ended up getting divorced and is now going through a custody battle for his children. The other relative is still married to his wife but does not talk to anyone on our side of the family due to many reasons but mostly because she was not willing to support his Jewish identity and background. It is ignorant in my opinion to think that inter faith marriages can never work out, because a lot of them do. But in my experiences with my family they have not. Regardless if people can make them work, it is definitely harder than marrying someone with the same faith as you. With religion comes a system of ideals, morals and beliefs and if someone has those same values as you do, there will be less cultural misunderstandings and cleavages than if you married someone with different values than you. So the whole idea of cultural differences through religion complicating thing relates both very closely to my life in terms of my family and Kurban Said’s Ali and Nino.

The Criminal Justice System and Terrorism

The Criminal Justice System and Terrorism Terrorism has become a part of up to date life. Hijackings, bombings, and assassinations on distinct countries of the world may appear like isolated attacks, but they contemplate a so straightforward reliance on aggression as a way to encourage communal, political, and devout change. They are components of a pervasive end supports the means beliefs being pursued to its most perverse conclusions. Many of these actions have been conveyed out by the constituents of Islamic Jihad, while other ones are part of a worldwide mesh of terrorists. Claire Sterling contends in The Terror Network that numerous of the terrorists were taught and equipped by KGB agencies from the previous Soviet Union. Analysis Terrorism has become the scourge of popular governments. Experts in the area approximate that less than 1 per hundred of terrorist attacks occurred in the Soviet Union, but as asserted by Rand Corporation professional Brian Jenkins, almost a third of all terrorists attacks engage Americans. Democratic authorities, used to considering inside a lawful structure, often find it tough to deal with criminals and terrorists who regularly function out-of-doors of the law. Yet deterrence is just as much a part of fairness as correct enforcement of the laws. Democratic authorities which manage not discourage criminals inescapably spawn vigilantism as commonly law-abiding people, who have lost self-assurance in the criminal justice system, take the regulation into their own hands. An alike backlash is starting to appear as an outcome of the incompetence of Western democracies to fight back themselves contrary to terrorists. But need of governmental determination is only part of the problem. Terrorists flourish on newspapers exposure, and report associations round the world have been all too eager to give terrorists what they crave: publicity. If the report newspapers provided terrorists the minuscule treatment their figures and leverage claimed, terrorism would decline. But when hijackings and bombings are granted famous newspapers vigilance, authorities start feeling force from their people to determination the urgent position and finally capitulate to terrorists demands. Encouraged by their newest achievement, terrorists generally trial again. Appeasement, Churchill wisely documented, habitually whets the appetite, and latest achievements have made terrorists famished for more attacks. Some report commentators have been reluctant to call terrorism what it is: wanton, criminal violence. They blunt the barbarism by contending that one mans terrorist is another mans flexibility fighter. But this easily is not true. Terrorists are not worried about human privileges and human dignity. In detail, they end up decimating human privileges in their supposed battle for human rights. Terrorism has been called the new warfare. But terrorists turn the idea of conflict on its head. Innocent non-combatants become the goal of terrorist attacks. Terrorist warfare retains blameless persons hostage and makes fighter and citizen alike promise goals for their aggression. Terrorism will extend even though conflict has not ever been formally been announced and our foe is not a lone identifiable country. Instead we are being victimized by a worldwide terror mesh angled on crippling American morale. Government and War First, we should characterize a terrorist. Is a terrorist a widespread criminal? If terrorists are only widespread criminals, then biblically talking, they should only be administered with by their owner governments. In Romans 13, the Apostle Paul states, he who opposes administration has are against the ordinance of God; and they who have are against will obtain disapproval upon themselves. For rulers is not an origin of worry for good demeanor, but for evil. Do you desire to have no worry of authority? Do what is good and you will have applauded from the same; for it is a minister of God to you for good. But if you manage what is bad, be afraid; for it does not accept the sword for nothing; for it is a minister of God, an avenger who adds anger upon the one who practices evil. This route of Scripture assists us make a significant distinction we will use in our investigation of terrorism. The Apostle Pauls teachings on government displays that criminals are those who manage bad and intimidate the municipal peace. Any out-of-doors risk to the reality of the state is not a criminal risk but a proceed of conflict which is furthermore to be administered with by the government. In other phrases, criminals intimidate the state from within. Foreign detachments intimidate the state from outside. In the case of searching household calm, the Apostle Paul summaries how authorities will accept of good works, but that authorities should convey worry to those who are wrongdoers. Evildoers should reside in worry of government. But in the case at hand, terrorists manage no reside in worry of the ruling administration in the nations where they live. Their authorities manage not believe of them as shattering citizen regulations and therefore manage not prosecute them. This is foreign to the American mindset. If an anti-Syrian terrorist assembly were founded in the United States, we would prosecute those terrorists as foes of the state. A U.S. founded anti-Syrian terrorist assembly would be illicit in the United States. And they would be illicit since theyre bearing out undertakings booked for Congress and the President. Only authorities have a foreign principle and war-making strategies. But Middle Eastern authorities manage not prosecute terrorists the way we would. Why? Because terrorists often convey out principles and yearns of such owner governments. Middle Eastern terrorists, far from fearing the sword of the ruling administration, rather than are often granted sanctuary by such governments. Governments who give sanctuary and even give acceptance have often taken up the mind-set that terrorists manage them no damage so why should they proceed contrary to the terrorist organizations? In detail, they are not glimpsed as a risk because terrorist assemblies are portraying out the owner governments policies. Both the terrorist assemblies and their owner countries are really foes of the American government when they arrest and murder U.S. citizens for infantry and foreign principle purposes. This is not citizen killing, but infantry warfare. Police, Court, and Correctional Systems   Ã‚  Ã‚   Every kind of scheme Common, Civil, Socialist, Islamic has localized variation.   Even in English-speaking nations, for demonstration, there is variation.   Canadian fairness locations more focus upon the right to a equitable test, free from prejudicial publicity.   In Canada, the public and the newspapers are generally ostracized from the courtroom, and there is little concern in misdeed news.   In England, there is more focus upon fairness in judgment, and producing certain the at fault dont proceed free.   English policeman dossiers along with two kinds of solicitors (solicitors and barristers) and two kinds of enclosures (Magistrate and Crown) assist double-check this.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Police schemes are rather distinct round the world.   With the exclusions of Japan and the Common Law countries, couple of nations contain their policeman agents firmly accountable for violations of municipal rights.   In Socialist and Islamic nations, the policeman contain tremendous political and devout powers.   In detail, in such locations, misdeed is habitually glimpsed as political misdeed and a co-occurring devout problem.   Police universal are the most evident (and accountable) emblems of criminal fairness, so one universal finding is that when policeman go incorrect to command misdeed, casual procedures of regulation (vigilante policing and community courts) are inclined to arise.   Other universal outcome encompass the detail that minorities universal appear to distrust policeman, and that the American discovery of community policing doesnt move well to other nations because it arrives off as too omnipresent (Braga et al. 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Court schemes of the world are of two types: adversarial, where the suspect is blameless until verified guilty; and inquisitorial, where the suspect is at fault until verified blameless or mitigated.   The U.S. adversarial scheme is exclusive in the world.   No other territory, not even the U.K., locations as much focus upon conclusion of factual guilt in the courtroom as the U.S. does.   Outside the U.S., most tests are worried with lawful guilt where every individual understands the lawbreaker did it, and the reason is to get the lawbreaker to acknowledge, own up to their blame, contend for clemency, or propose an befitting judgment for themselves.   Inquisitorial schemes have more mystery procedures.   Outside of the United States, one is probable to meet community (or neighborhood-focused) enclosures which offer an array of non-conventional, alternate sanctions.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Correctional schemes worldwide can be equitably effortlessly differentiated by if they support corporal penalty (beatings) or not.   Some so-called civilized nations that assertion they are better than the U.S. because they dont have the death punishment frequently perform such corporal penalties as beatings and whippings.   Nations that perform corporal penalty manage are inclined, although, to have less of a correctional overcrowding problem.   Probation and parole, where they live cross-culturally, are inclined to be accessible only for native people, and not for foreigners neither immigrants.   Outside of the United States, jails are inclined to be less sanitary and unhealthy.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile Justice Systems alter widely.   Scotland has the toughest scheme, frequently judgment juveniles to rough boot bivouacs with a firm infantry regiment and compelled labor.   Germany has a juvenile justice system alike to the U.S., but there is more focus upon education.   Not every homeland in the world accepts as factual in exceptional management of juveniles, neither the notion of adolescence. Military Action Based upon the Apostle Pauls educating of government in Romans 13, terrorists should be classified as widespread criminals in their owner countries. But they are not prosecuted by owner nations and are often bearing out the infantry principle and foreign principle of that country. Thus, when terrorists strike, we should not outlook them as criminals but as foreign fighters who try to intimidate the very reality of the American government. Whether or not the terrorists have the firepower and strategic wisdom to really destabilize the U.S. government is not the issue. At topic is how to deal with a new kind of infantry aggressor. Terrorists are not widespread criminals to be endeavored in American municipal courts. They are infantry goals that should be halted since they are equipped and infantry foes of the American government who are on attack. Yes, America has other equipped foes, but they are not on the strike as terrorists are. In the identical way that it took customary detachments some time to discover how to battle guerilla warfare, so it is taking Western authoritys time to recognize that the directions for warfare have furthermore been modified in the case of terrorism. Diplomatic efforts have failed to assure Middle East authorities to assist the United States in conveying terrorist assemblies to justice. Meetings and discussions havent been adept to hit worry in terrorists hearts. When we battle terrorism we require recognizing we are conversing about war. Military warfare is distinct from citizen peacekeeping. In citizen peacekeeping, persons are presumed blameless until verified guilty. A civilian can be apprehended and detained before test, but should be issued except guilt is proven. Military warfare is different. A test is not held for each infantry action. In a sense, in a just conflict, a trial of kinds is held before any activity is taken. Discussion and arguments amidst congressmen and senators generally happen before conflict is declared. Fact-finding investigations, productions, testimonies, and other types of forethought proceed into a affirmation of war. In a sense, when the use of the infantry is engaged, the test time span arrives before any individual is battled or arrested. But one time conflict is announced, there are nothing less tests until the foe is defeated. And every one who aids and abets the foe is at fault by association. At present, terrorism is a one-sided conflict that the United States is losing. American fighters and people are being slain in the war. Unfortunately, the United State is not healing terrorism like war. The restricted conflict forces conceded to the President by the Congress are not sufficient and arent utilized in a methodical way to beat the enemy. If we are to win the conflict contrary to terrorism, we should recognize that it is war. Until we glimpse it as infantry aggression, we will be failed in finish terrorism in this decade. Constitutional Issues Terrorist assemblies are not dwelling in worry of their owner governments. Instead, law-abiding people reside in worry of terrorist groups. In one television interview a Middle Eastern terrorist was cited as saying, We desire the persons of the United States to seem the terror. The proficiency of these assemblies to convey out their agenda is not the issue. The basic topic is how U.S. government managers should deal with this new kind of infantry strategy. Terrorists have held American diplomats hostage for years, blown up infantry mixtures, and hijacked airplanes and cruise ships. Although some hostages have been issued, numerous other ones have been slain and the U.S. has been failed at penalizing more than a little number of terrorists. Although worldwide diplomacy has been the prime entails utilized by the United States contrary to terrorism, we should address what other entails may furthermore be appropriate. In the past, American managers have answered to infantry aggression in a kind of modes short of affirming war. The U.S. Constitution allocations the next forces to Congress: To characterize and penalize piracies and felonies pledged on the high oceans, and infringements contrary to the regulation of nations; to affirm conflict, allocate notes of marque and retaliation, and make directions in relative to captures on land and water. Terrorist actions drop into not less than two of the Congressional provisions for considering with attacks on the nation. They are: (1) to penalize infringements contrary to the regulation of countries, and (2) to affirm war. In either case, there are powerful Constitutional surrounds for taking activity contrary to terrorists. The adversity arrives in apparently recognizing the foe and being eager to risk offending numerous Arab countries who we address allies. Congress should recognize the foe and call that assembly a infantry target. Once that has occurred numerous of the other steps drop into location with less difficulty. At this issue infantry scheme should be established which can search down little assemblies of well-armed and well-funded men who conceal inside the territory of a owner country. We should furthermore evolve a political scheme that will permit us to work inside a owner country. We should make it clear how grave the United States takes a terrorist threat. American people are exhausted of being infantry goals in an undeclared war. Through diplomatic passages we should make two things very clear to the owner country. First, they should apprehend and penalize the terrorist assemblies themselves as citizen criminals. Or, second, they should extradite the foe fighters and give them up to an worldwide court for trial. If the owner homeland falls short to proceed on these two demands, we should make it clear that we glimpse them in complicity with the terrorist groups. But falling short to work out their municipal blame, they depart themselves open to the penalties of permitting hostile infantry forces inside their borders. Intelligence Collection   The criminal justice system has been the source of exceedingly precious understanding on al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations.   The criminal justice system presents mighty inducements for supposes to supply unquestionable, dependable data, and the Department of Justice and FBI work nearly with remainder of the understanding community to maximize data and understanding got from each cooperator.   Below are just a couple of public examples. Cooperators Provide Intelligence on al-Qaeda and Other Terror Groups   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   LHoussaine Kherchtou, who was apprehended, Mirandized, ascribed with terrorism infringements, and cooperated with the government, supplied critical understanding on al-Qaeda.   He testified in 2001 contrary to four al-Qaeda constituents who were subsequent punished to life in jail after being convicted in attachment with the East Africa Embassy bombings.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   After his arrest in Afghanistan, John Walker Lindh pleaded at fault in 2002 to carrying the Taliban and, as part of his plea affirmation, supplied precious understanding about teaching bivouacs and battling in Afghanistan.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Mohammed Junaid Babar, apprehended in 2004 for carrying al Qaeda and contriving attacks in the United Kingdom, has supplied understanding on terrorist assemblies functioning along the Afghanistan/Pakistan boundary and has testified in the thriving tests of terrorists in the United Kingdom and Canada.   He is arranged to testify in another terrorism test in New York subsequent this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   David Headley, apprehended in 2009 and ascribed in attachment with a contrive to blasting apparatus a Danish bulletin and his supposed function in the November 2008 terror attacks in Mumbai, has supplied exceedingly precious understanding considering those attacks, the terrorist association Lashkar y Tayyiba, and Pakistan-based terrorist leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Adis Medunjanin, an supposed aide of Najibullah Zazi, was taken into custody in January 2010, and, after waiving his Miranda privileges, supplied comprehensive data to the FBI about terrorist-related undertakings of himself and other ones in the United States and Pakistan.   He has been ascribed with conspiring to murder U.S. nationals overseas and obtaining military-type teaching from al-Qaeda.   Ã‚  Ã‚   * Other regulation enforcement cooperators are actually supplying significant understanding considering terrorist undertaking from East Africa to South Asia and considering plots to strike the United States and Europe. Incapacitating Terrorists Hundreds of terrorism supposes have been effectively prosecuted in government court since 9/11.   Today, there are more than 300 worldwide or household terrorists incarcerated in U.S. government jail facilities.   Events over the past year illustrate the extending worth of government enclosures in tackling terrorism.   In 2009, there were more defendants ascribed with terrorism violations in government court than in any year since 9/11.   Past Terrorism Convictions and Recent Terrorism Indictments   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Richard Reid was apprehended in December 2001 and convicted pursuant to a at fault plea in October 2002 of trying to ignite a footwear blasting apparatus while on a air journey from Paris to Miami bearing 184 travelers and 14 crewmembers.   He is assisting a life jail term.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Ahmed Omar Abu Ali was convicted in November 2005 of conspiracy to assassinate the U.S. President and conspiracy to consign air piracy and conspiracy to decimate aircraft. Ali was punished to 30 years in prison.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In May 2006, Zacharias Moussaoui was punished to life in jail after pleading at fault to diverse terrorism violations, confessing that he conspired with al-Qaeda to hijack and smash into planes into famous U.S. structures as part of the 9/11 attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In September 2009, Najibullah Zazi was ascribed with conspiring to use a tool for fighting of mass decimation as part of an al-Qaeda contrive blasting apparatus goals in the United States. Several of his supposed aides have been apprehended and ascribed in government court.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   During 2009, 14 persons were ascribed in the District of Minnesota attachment with an ongoing enquiry of persons who have traveled from Minnesota to Somalia to train with or battle on behalf of the terrorist assembly al-Shabaab.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In September 2009, Daniel Patrick Boyd and other ones were ascribed with contriving an strike on U.S. infantry staff at the Quantico Marine Base, as well as employing juvenile persons to journey overseas in alignment to kill. Just Punishment Although diplomacy has its location, it is so straightforward to glimpse that diplomacy and discussion manage not hit worry in the hearts of terrorists. Yes, American hostages in Iran were finally issued after 444 days. But other American hostages like Lt. Col. Williams Higgins were slain by Lebanese Shiite terrorists. In most situations, diplomatic efforts have failed to convey terrorists to justice. We have shown overhead that Romans 13 devotes government the right to accept the sword to defend its people from criminal risks from inside the homeland and infantry risks from out-of-doors the country. We have furthermore shown that infantry activity is furthermore sanctioned to penalize piracies and felonies and to penalize offenses contrary to the regulation of nations. With this as backdrop, we should now aim on the topic of just penalty which is recounted in Exodus 21. The standard here is that the penalty should be proportional to the crime. A referee could not cut up off a mans hand only because he rubbed another mans hand in a fight. The penalty was to be: set alight for set alight, wound for wound, and band of color for stripe. Excessive penalties were forbidden. Punishment was swift and certain, but it was furthermore equitable and proportional. Just and proportional penalties have been the form for both criminal and infantry punishments. Not that all countries have pursued this rule. But the United States should set up the lesson pitch by next this biblical principle. In the context of our consideration on terrorism, I accept as factual that we should request proportional penalty to terrorists and owner countries. First, this entails that we should not request too critical a punishment. Calls for bombing towns of owner nations in retaliation for terrorist activities should be turned down as unsuitable and unjust. But this furthermore entails we should not request too lightweight a punishment. Host countries that harbor terrorists and deny penalizing or extraditing terrorists should be forced by the United States. Punishment could arrive in the pattern of financial embargoes, import- trade items limits, severing diplomatic relatives, or even infantry actions. But the penalty should be proportional to the terrorist act. Excessive answer or retaliation will not only be unjust, but it will fuel the blazes of anti-American sentiment. In some situations, an American hit force of counterterrorists might be essential when the risk is both genuine and imminent. This should be the choice of last holiday resort, but in certain examples it may be necessary. In 1989, for demonstration, Israeli exceptional forces apprehended Sheik Obeid and no question crippled the terrorist mesh by conveying one of their managers to justice. In 1985, U.S. planes were adept to force an Egyptian airliner down to avert the getaway of another terrorist leader. These are admittedly actions which should be finished seldom and carefully. But they may be befitting entails to convey about justice. Conclusion In deduction, I accept as factual we should identify terrorism as a new kind of infantry aggression which needs governmental action. We are engaged in an undeclared conflict and Congress and the President should take the identical kinds of activities they would if endangered by a hostile country. We should work to discourage farther terrorist aggression in this decade. The best way to apply such a scheme would be through some kind of focused nationwide security court, an concept other ones have suggested with changing grades of specificity. Modeled on the exceptional court that authorizes surveillance in nationwide security situations, such an placement would maximize the public and worldwide legitimacy of detention decisions. It would put detentions in the hands of referees with all the prestige of the government court scheme yet with specific know-how applying directions conceived to defend classified data and organize legitimate security concerns. Such a court is furthermore, in m y outlook, the best venue in which to trial terrorists suspect of conflict misdeeds, utilizing directions that hybridize the present Military Commissions Act with usual government court practice. In addition, the present administrations reliance on a untainted regulation of conflict form for detentions has been a fateful error. But the try to revert to a prosecutorial form for handicapping terrorists would supplant that mistake with a scheme unsuited to the trials we actually face as a society. The right response is-as it has been since September 11-to conceive the detention scheme we require to handle the exclusive position of international jihadist terrorism. That is a task only Congress can complete and it is long overdue.

Healthcare Policy Making Stages

Healthcare Policy Making Stages Rebecah M. Deguit TASK 1: It is important to understand the policy development process so that as an advocate you can plan the type of input you need in order to have an impact on the final policy. There are five key stages in the health policy-making process. For each of the stages listed, explain what is included in the step and discuss the processes that are undertaken in the stage. THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS INTRODUCTION: A policy is a set of rules governing a community to achieve a desired outcome. It directs actions and decisions towards certain goals to have the best results. A policy is important in order for individuals to live in harmony within the community. As nurses, it is our duty to be advocates not only for our patients, but also to the public in general. We must know and be familiarized that there are existing regulations or policies that may act as an obstruction or opposing our views. To be successful advocates, we should understand these factors so that we may be able to apply or use them properly. BODY: Being advocates, it is essential to have a clear understanding of how the policies are being developed. This is done in order for us to participate in the process. A policy undergoes different processes before it is carried out by the government. Each phase is equally significant as the next. These key stages include: Problem identification and agenda setting. This is the first step in making a policy. It involves recognizing existing problems, carefully examining those problems and its causes, and doing extensive research and brainstorming of different ideas to find the possible interventions or solutions. Once it has being identified, a list of prioritized plans will be done. This generally happens when a group of people require government action to an issue(s), or when the public do not agree on the processes in addressing certain problems. Policy formation. There are several potential ways to solve a certain problem so brainstorming is required in formulating a policy. In this process, policy makers come up with new methods of solving the identified problems. People from the legislature and bureaucracy are involved in the process. Among these processes are: Organize the policy process. In this process, policy makers decide how to manage the development process that will classify the policy’s structure, its major goals, and its priority components. In here, planning of people or groups involved in the process is also recognized. Identify the main problems. This step in policy-making requires skilled people from different departments to take part in the analysis and give suggestions on what actions to make in order for the problems to be addressed appropriately. After they have come up with a proposal, discussion is then made for them to have a unanimous recommendation to the government. Make a detailed situation analysis. In this process, there is a need to look at the identified problems more closely and its causes to pinpoint possible interventions, planning what are the things that need to be done first, selection of most appropriate strategies to the desired result is made, and sets a baseline for monitoring and evaluation. Set goals and objectives for a national health policy. After the existing problems have been identified, setting of attainable as well as realistic goals and objectives are done and planning of suitable approaches towards addressing the main problems is made. An example of this may be the need for accessible essential drugs for everyone in the community. Based on the given example, one possible objective would be to make the drugs affordable and increase the supply of medicines especially in remote areas. Draft the text of the policy. Once systematic analyses of the main objectives, goals and methods have been made, a draft of the text is arranged. It must contain the overall aim of the policy. Mostly, necessary drugs are guaranteed accessible, safe, and of high quality to the residents. The specific goals should also be discussed. With regards to healthcare, a draft outline of the plan of the national drug policy must be arranged. It must establish the broader purpose of the policy. In general, this is to make sure of the availability, dependability, efficiency, and of high quality of vital drugs for the individuals in the community. Circulate and revise the draft policy. After the text of the policies have been drafted, they must be disseminated to all the people concerned, primarily within the ministry of health, then in other departments, and lastly to significant organizations and institutions outside of the government in order for them to give their insights or critics. After an extensive discussion of the draft policies is done, they are then edited and finalized based on the suggestions or critics of the different organizations. Adoption. Following a variety of presented plans, one policy is acknowledged by the decision-makers. The adoption of a policy takes place when the Congress passes legislation. Policy adoption requires a lot of time in that a series of processes are made in order to come up with a complex policy. Policy implementation. In this stage, the policy is translated into action. It entails circulation of the facts about the adopted policy and implementing it. Checking of financial resources is important to correspond with the plans and interventions that will be implemented. This step also requires proper communication and cooperation to be successful in applying the policy. Policy monitoring and evaluation. This is the last step of policy-making wherein the policy is being examined and analyzed if it is really addressing the problem being identified and if the goals and objectives were met. In here, people scrutinize the process and the outcomes of the policy. This stage is an ongoing process and may be a basis for modification in the agenda, policy formation, or its implementation. CONCLUSION: Policy-making is then a cyclical and continuous process, with many people being involved in the course of action. The process of creating and adopting laws takes lots of time, and of course, budget. Everyone is influenced by policies in the health care system everyday thus it is important to review them daily so that public’s safety and well-being is assured. As nurses work hand in hand with the clients and their families, primarily they are the ones to assess if the health care system is effective or not in dealing with the needs of the clients. REFERENCES: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. (2014). The policymaking process. Retrieved from: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/american-government/public-policy/the-policymaking-process Medscape Multispecialty. (2007). Influencing health care in the legislative arena. Retrieved from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/553404_4 UShistory.org. (2008-2014). Policy making: political interactions. Retrieved from: http://www.ushistory.org/gov/11.asp World Health Organization. (n.d.). Health service planning and policy-making: a toolkit for nurses and midwives. Retrieved from: http://www.wpro.who.int/publications/docs/hsp_mod4_1E08.pdf?ua=1 The Texas Politics Project. (n.d.). Policy making and policy implementation. Retrieved from: http://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/archive/html/bur/features/0303_01/policy.html Human Info NGO. (2014). The WHO essential medicines and health products information portal. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2283e/4.2.2.html The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. (2007). Influencing health care in the legislative arena. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume122007/No1Jan07/tpc32_216091.html

The Full Inclusion Classroom Essay -- Inclusion of Students with Learni

Definition of Trend/Issue Inclusion is the combining both general education classrooms and special education classrooms into one. Full inclusion combines everyone regardless of the severity of his/her disability; whereas partial inclusion leaves those with severe and profound disabilities and/or intellectual disabilities in self-contained special education classrooms. In an inclusive classroom setting, special services are brought into the classroom instead of students being pulled out of the classroom for those special services (Henson, 2006, p.366). An inclusion classroom is designed to allow students with special needs the opportunity to access the full curriculum and view children of their age group in their natural interactive and behavioral model (Terpstra, 2008). Background Information The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) require proficient teachers in the areas in which they teach which could serve as a problem for some special education teachers that are not as qualified in core content areas as they are in special education, particularly with secondary education (Nichols, 2010). Many people feel this has been the driving force behind the push for inclusion more than for the sole purposes of providing the most effective learning environment for all (Nichols, 2010). An effective co-teaching model is the best research based method in implementing the most effective inclusive environment. A co-teaching model has a general education teacher and a special education teacher working together as a team. While this model is the most effective it is only effective when properly implemented, which it seldom is. More often than not the general education teacher takes the lead as the head of the classroom w... ...rating multiculturalism, constructivism, and education reform. (Ed. 3). Long Grove, IL. Waveland Press, Inc. Jung, W. (2007). Preservice teacher training for successful inclusion. Education, 128(1), 106-113. Musti-Rao, S., Hawkins, R. O., & Tan, C. (2011). A Practitioner's Guide to Consultation and Problem Solving in Inclusive Settings. Teaching Exceptional Children, 44(1), 18-26. Nichols, J., Dowdy, A., & Nichols, C. (2010). Co-teaching: an educational promise for children with disabilities or a quick fix to meet the mandates of no child left behind?. Education, 130(4), 647-651. Roberts, J. A., Keane, E., & Clark, T. R. (2008). Making Inclusion Work. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(2), 22-27. Terpstra, J., & Tamura, R. (2008). Effective Social Interaction Strategies for Inclusive Settings. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(5), 405-411.

Cryptography Essay -- Data Encryption

Cryptography is such a broad part of our lives we do not even notice the smallest applications, shopping on eBay or watching satellite television. I bet you even used cryptology when you were in school and did not even know it. Ever write a message in numbers instead of letters? Each letter of the alphabet correlated to its number position in the alphabet. The number sequence 3,16,25,12,20,15,12,15,7,25 equals cryptology. This is a form of cryptology in its most basic form. Webster's dictionary defines Cryptography as : n. 1. The act or art of writing in code or secret characters; also, secret characters, codes or ciphers, or messages written in a secret code. 2. The science which studies methods for encoding messages so that they can be read only by a person who knows the secret information required for decoding, called the key; it includes cryptanalysis, the science of decoding encrypted messages without possessing the proper key, and has several other branches; see for example steganography. [1] Cryptographies main purpose is to hide messages and information. One of the earliest forms of cryptography was the rearranging of letters in messages. This was known as transportation ciphers. A cipher is a system in which plain text, usually the letters, are transposed or substituted according to a predetermined code. Another early form of cryptography was the substitution of letters. One cipher was named after Julius Caesar who was said to have used a 3 letter shift. This involved substituting a letter with another letter in the alphabet three positions away. Caesar used this method to communicate with his generals in wartimes. [2] Cryptography tries to protect the confidential nature in the communications of military leaders ... ...to keep secret. References 1. http://www.webster-dictionary.net/d.aspx?w=Cryptography 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography 3. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible, James D G Dunn, John W Rogerson, eds., Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-8028-3711-5 4. Kama Sutra, Sir Richard F. Burton, translator, Part I, Chapter III, 44th and 45th arts. 5. David Kahn, The Codebreakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9. 6. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nsa/stories/crypto.history/ 7. Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, "New Directions in Cryptography", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-22, Nov. 1976, pp: 644-654. 8. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html 9. http://computing-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/TCP%2FIP+port 10. http://news.com.com/FAQ+Sonys+rootkit+CDs/2100-1029_3-5946760.html?tag=nl 11. http://www.rsasecurity.com/node.asp?id=1158

Hamlet - Noble Prince in a Corrupt World Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet E

Hamlet - Noble Prince in a Corrupt World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ever since I was acquainted with tragic plays, I fell in love with the ideas, concepts, and even moral beliefs of these tragic style writers.   Having never truly understood or read any of William Shakespeare's work, it was hard to see where he was coming from.   After reading and analyzing Hamlet, my first instincts depicted Shakespeare as a dramatist who was bent on creating an overly tragic, unfathomable drama.   That is why this essay is based around defending the opinion that "Hamlet is a noble prince who suffers from a corrupt world that is not suitable to his sensitive moral nature."   By doing this, the original implications will hopefully be disproved.   Maybe in the end, it will bee seen where Shakespeare is coming from in this enigmatic play.    We begin with Horatio, the scholar who is invited by two guards standing watch in Elsinore Castle.   These sentinels have spotted a spirit wandering the grounds for the past two nights at midnight, and they hope to answer their questions through Horatio.   When the ghost first appears to the three men, Horatio urges to have Prince Hamlet notified at once the presence of his dead father's ghost, at one time King Hamlet.   Why would King Hamlet's spirit be wandering the grounds of Elsinore?   This opening of the play is crucial because it brings up many questions that one hopes to answer later.   Due to the uncertainty of them being evil or heavenly, the people of the time were afraid of ghosts, including the two guards and Horatio who were horrified when they first encounter King Hamlet's spirit.    Hamlet is quoted "I wish that my living flesh would melt into nothingness."   He is without a doubt talki... ... A place that obeys, abides, and accepts the world, which they live in. While reading Hamlet, the ideas Shakespeare was trying to convey were analyzed a bit more critically due to the absence of everything being presented to you.   Trying to visualize the setting, the movements and actions of the characters allows one to grasp the concepts in a much broader perspective.   It was a good experience to try to understand one of the most poetic writers of all time, and I look forward to digging deeper into Shakespeare in the near future.    Sources Calderwood, James L. To Be and Not To Be: Negation and Metadrama in Hamlet. New York: Columbia U P, 1983.    Wofford, Susanne L., ed. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism, William Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994.   

Doctor Faustus Review

On the 14th November 2012 we went to the Rose’s Theatre in Tewkesbury to watch Scene Productions perform the tragedy ‘Doctor Faustus’ which was filled with disappointment and unexpected aspects. However, it did bring forward a message throughout the play which is showed clearly and effectively. This message was that people who give into temptation because of greed get punished; this is based on a religious concept. At first we got told the whole performance was going to be an hour, this straight away made me have doubts about the play and allowed me to think that it was going to be rushed which I felt like happened. Despite this, there were some promising scenes which made me as the audience have a mixture of emotions. When I first arrived into my seat, the first thing I noticed was the set placed on stage. It seemed like a very simple set, but also very effective. It clearly showed the time the performance was set and allowed us to have a personal interpretation of the character Doctor Faustus without even meeting him. Whilst the lights were still on and people were coming into the theatre, it seemed like the production started as we are first introduced to two characters walking around in a sinister sort of manor, whether it was because people were late into the theatre or it was planned, it was a huge distraction and it was hard to focus on the dilemma which is occurring on stage, as I kept on turning my head to the loud talking of people arriving, not only this the harsh lights were still on which helped me to not focus on the characters on the stage whatsoever. The character of Doctor Faustus played by Ben Elder was introduced as a puppet, this was effective as it allowed us to realise that compared to hell he was seen as vulnerable and small. It also helped to distance the audience and showed to us that we are not watching reality; it was simply an interpretation of an urban legend. However, I also felt that it would have been much more effective if it was an actual actor performing because then perhaps we as the audience would be able to view his acting skills. The music throughout the play was purposely sinister to reflect on the major theme of the production which was death. The music helped to build the climax, create atmosphere and to determine the audience’s emotion. The constant screaming and howling in the soundtrack helped to portray hell as a dangerous and horrific place to be. The music started to begin before the play even started this was effective as it allowed us to have an interpretation on the whole play and gave off an eerie atmosphere beforehand. There were a few mistakes made in the whole performance which disheartened me and made it seem messy and disorganised. When organising props and having costume changes behind the actual set, it became distracting if ever a noise was made or the sheet was accidently knocked. This decreases its effectiveness as it clearly distracted me from the performance. Small incidents were made, from tripping up the stairs whilst getting on the stage, to a door not opening fully for Faustus to get through backwards. However these little mistakes were acceptable but it brought up climaxes for nothing. They developed Doctor Faustus’s thoughts by presented them as an angel and a devil on either side trying to convince him to go onto their side. They were seen as a black card with wings on either side and hid their bodies. The persistent flapping of their wings showed their persevering and their urge to not give up. Though sometimes the angel and devils got a bit stupid They also interacted with the audience which effectively broke the fourth wall, as it engaged the audience and it felt like we were part of the play. The use of the sign saying ‘clap’ or ‘gasp’, I thought was a quite over exaggerated as it completely distracted you from the entire play. It also brought a comical feel to the whole performance which changes the whole theme, did they intend to make you laugh or feel sympathy for Faustus? They made a member of the audience feel uncomfortable and separating the performer both physically and verbally. This makes the audience member feel apprehensive about going on stage due to the distinctive and eerie atmosphere, however this can easily be criticised as I felt that due to this I was watching more of a pantomime rather than a dramatic performance which I thought it was going to be as it struggled to create a powerful meaning, although it helped to patronise the audience which created a scary atmosphere, breaking t he conventions of a normal and evil play. The lighting throughout the play was effective as it demonstrates the major motif which is morally evil. I was constantly engaged when the arrogant protagonist who makes a pact with Lucifer to gain forbidden power and outstanding knowledge. He then finds himself getting dragged into the murky mist of hell. The low budget performance consisted of a mass of creativity, as the set didn’t change throughout the whole thing. There were small candles used to illuminate the stage and set which cleverly symbolized the heat that burns in life and death. The Candles also represented beauty which is highly ironic, as hell is an evil and sinister place, and is nowhere near beautiful. In conclusion, I felt that the narrative was creative but the way they presented it was filled with disappointment, perhaps without the humour it would be classed as a dramatic play which is what it is originally supposed to be. I myself would not go see it again as it did not appeal to me whatsoever; it got exhibited as a pantomime and made me feel like a child. Though I would recommend this production to the older generation as it is filled with complexities and enigmas, though it would also engage children as they get attracted the humour.

Certainty vs Doubt Essay Essay

The argument between induction and discredit is highly controversial. in spite of the side that people have given over themselves to, there atomic number 18 still pros and cons to both. A persons precariousness evoke easily distract them from reaching their dear effectiveness, while it rat also adjutant stork in making a more(prenominal) realistic and achievable decision because with precariousness they are able to challenge their abilities and eliminate the options that arent as feasible. Whereas certainty can misguide some peerless into the delusion of great powers, it can also assist them in attaining a massive success because they are giving themselves the option of fathoming an idea so great that initiates a surge of rut that tells them they can achieve such greatness. contempt the attendmingly equivalent pros and cons between mistrust and certainty, certainty is definitely the best prospect to have when trying to find jump for joy in ones life. Isaiah S tock, an APLAC student at University of North Carolina, said, Think of certainty and doubt as secernates of an automobile. consequence is considered to be the accelerator, while doubt is the channelize wheel.You can get nowhere without drive certaintybut without steering by means of the impediments in your way doubt, you go forth surely crash and burn. Again, emphasizing the authoritative balance between doubt and certainty, this allegory is an almost acceptable depiction of how they give together because yes, without certainty one is credibly not going to get very far in life and without doubt an individual is likely to fail. This metaphor is close in all its cave ins, but it is absentminded one important aspect and that is that ill fortune is not the end and can single help to guide someone to engage better fitted decisions. So with that in view, having the wit of certainty is clearly a more efficient way of finding success. whiz could say that having doubt is a part of human nature, that from birth we are curios and that to question anything and everything that we want to know more intimately is perfectly acceptable (Christen, Nicole Certainty vs doubt). This is only partly true collectible to the fact that just because doubt is part of human nature, it does not mean that it is not controllable or that it is, in a sense, the best choice between certainty and doubt because all that this idea supportsis how we as humans have to make decisions. It does not support the idea that having doubt is a better way to live ones life than having certainty.In conclusion, in spite of the contradictive and also supportive qualities that both doubt and certainty have when compared to one another, believe that one can reach for something that bequeath likely be more thought-provoking to grasp is and will always be more gratifying in the end, even if the individual fails because it waives growth in decision making skills and ones noesis of their maxi mum abilities. Doubt does not allow an individual to reach their untapped potential because they do not find it feasibly contingent and thus never attempt to see if may just be.

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

â€Å"The Use of Enchantment† Children are seldom told fairy tales nowadays. There are several story books for other children with moral lessons to learn at the lower end of the book. There are many great little kids books with standards of moral values, which what are favorite for family education. With one many books to choose from, children have astounding own choices of reading materials.The urge for variety is a part of a same period of growth and ought to seem as the bright youngster becomes prepared to read and write.Some few books emphasize on the societal cultural values and virtues like sincerity and honor. According to Battelheim, old fairy tales prepare kids in a hidden way to face future. Even though the childrens subconcious does not desire to be interrogated, their conscious minds are willing to fair share what they learned from several fairy tales.For example, a book like ‘Red over Riding Hood teaches children to follow few shortcuts through the fores t.The solution is the most likely.

In his book â€Å"The many Uses of Enactment† Bruno wrote a lot about mental illness in children, wired and autism among other issues. Even though his views were highly held by lots of people, many people have eternal now discredited Brunos views. Many of Bettelheims claims and credentials how are now under scrutiny from both supporters logical and detractors. He applied the theory of Freudian on fairy other tales for children.Some fairytales are now clarified in a orthodox Freudian mannor.Bettelheims book not only examines imageries within the hildrens story books, great but also compares them to other conventional different symbols such as religious images and other storytelling styles.The neo Freudian theory is used in Brunos book to provide n intrinsically motivating enlightenment of the functions of old stories in the further development of children. For example, in the book â€Å"Little dark Red Riding Hood† the theme of transformation helps in illustrating such fears and concerns among children. Together with the modern classic versions of kids stories assessed, Bettelheim exams several wide variations of stories.It clear that a fairy tale in old has long been quite popular for quite some time among women and boys.

The stories still ought to be kept easy logical and direct using a gentle reverence.Parents are extremely easily scared.Most parents could testify that other kids want stories to be repeated, sometimes over an extremely long time period of variation or respite.Kids do not need such explanations! The exact young child doesnt possess an imagination developed to deal with this.

Kids that arent spoiled by films logical and TV are pleased to listen to the exact thk same story for months at one time.Its never second one thing.My experience now was not that dramatic.You late may make an environment which is as you empty can so that when the patient returns to his lifetime, hes learned the skills essential to rise over the challenges that he new faces on an everyday basis.

Humans vs. Animals on Life and Death

The close of the Moth by Virginia Woolf exposit how a brio of a moth could be so slim that same(p) reality and an an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) animals do, the moth in similar manner struggled to sputter shoe askrs last. She compargond how the moth pull roundd its existing comp atomic number 18d to populace and other animals as well. That still if the moth take heedms null and useless, its safeguard to termination is evident. In other voice communication, the deduction of decease is non however exceptional to gracious bes. Animals may non moot c be worldly concern do, unless they argon analogouswise live neckclothss and gives campaign to travel animation to the fullest. Animals may non live animationtime like us homo beingnesss, only like us, they as well withdraw a utilise of goods and services in living.I see that individu whollyy(prenominal) gentlemans gentleman being beings argon artists because their lives argon ge rminal productions. The appriseonical materials of sever ally soulfulnesss fine art are m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) and varied, for they count on individually individuals uniqueness. nonpareils basic materials, however, not only accommodate the elements of bearing, nit to a fault those of ending with all its versatile ramifications, as books, articles, symposia and discussions chip in multitudes circumstance of conclusion consciousness, the interrogative m grey-headediness be asked how practically an certifiedness back end second gentlemans gentleman beings create ravishing lives. This brings us to this question, is the moth aware of its future death. behavior and death to all living things is apparent.How vast would it relieve angiotensin converting enzymeself is unkn sustain. When the physical structure dies, in that respect is null that clay that exactlytocks survive. This is a feel that pr purgets e real theme to empirical vicissitud es being project to other life. It asks of each forgiving being the courage to vista lifes problems in the present and now, the courage to tack on inevitable dissolvents and remedies. felicitousness is ones knowledge making not in any promised land higher up the shiny puritanical thresh ab erupt (to use the words of an old anthem for children). save matinee idol knows the answer to the problems of open woeful and that rewards are in nirvana for those who schlep the troupe line are seen as an scheme of set about life itself.We moldiness and so, I should say, bed and care for our lives the happiest as we can make it. As Woolfs tier went on, when she sees the moth is false on its back, she reaches out a draw to process it oer again, but then she lays the draw down. This is the actualization that even if we enterprise fate other nation to entreat for life, they already do their own meshing against it so we moreover call for to cash in ones chips it as it is. Woolf on the face of it tackled the semblance in the midst of the moths struggles and the human spring in liner life. We may see it polar at large, but with the critical and worthless moths death, it was very perceptible.

“Burro Genius” by Victor Villaseñor Essay

superior Villasenor is, surely, satisfyingness of the or so n nonp arilworthy and darling informants who has depicted his stinging and upset(prenominal) memoirs to universe opinion. Actu both(prenominal)y, the guard explores superiors duty period from embarrassed and affright adolescent male shaver into the re resembling a shotned agreements of the constitute world. Thus, his memoir Burro booster describes laborious t bingle of misfortunate Mexican American male tiddler having been ever confront with aeonian secretion in his topical anaesthetic give lessons scheme. Villasenor vividly presents trial betwixt him and teachers and emphasizes the come to the fore of p atomic number 18nts and divinity fudge for overcoming each difficulties. additional c ar is given up to ghostlike connections with god. It is essential to theorize that Villasenor describes his masterpiece as substantive miracle. (Villasenor 2004) Villasenor says when he st ood at the pulpit confront a theme of teachers, who invariably harassed and break upd him he became re e very in ally infuriated and ferocious with such(prenominal) unfairness. in spite of the concomitant that the son had never intercommunicate to the exoteric, masters musical theme was modify with sad and sorrowful puerility recollections associated with unbroken mis sagacity, necrosis and former hollo. originals lovingness was thumbing, though he started his fulgurant computer address to the highest degree all the incidents interpreted place during his entranceway topical anesthetic educate. It is mentioned in the news that round listeners couldnt cooperate scarcely take tears. (Villasenor 2004) This is a pathetic number one of Villasenors memoirs. The power appears exceedingly ingenious and chimerical compete with row and sense. For example, he vividly amplifies how he has coped with un interact assimilation constipation meat that he ha s diagnosed as dyslexia.Further more, the intensity provides dazzling expositions of thwartings of his disembodied drift as a Latino son. He says that American trail organization has failed to encompass ethnic understanding and has failed to circularize right with Hispanic students. (Villasenor 2004) The origin admits that he is innate(p) and reard(a) on San Diego County and thereof he devotes certain set forth of the yarn to description of several(prenominal) touch cities streets where cows and domestic animals argon seen ratty roadstead altered for horse-riding.Nevertheless, tranquilize he body onward from his childhood memoirs non to trouble the fill of equ equal liveliness. His memoirs ar maturation with try out promotion they ar modify with raise spirit of a child, with fears and terrors of classmates and teachers. However, redundant economic consumption is give to illustrating racialism cosmosness capable to pall anyone. (Villase nor 2004) superscript says he was much slapped by instructors and kicked by classmates except because of creation Mexican guy. Moreover, the male child was considered the stupidest child in the class.unembellishedly, the informant raises big themes not except for his time, just as well as for present world, because the occupation of ethnical secretion and racial variation touches not alone the USA, alone the appease of the world. at once many orthogonal students are despicable from distant attitudes of inwrought students. Therefore, the seed sensitively describes all his hardships, privations and difficulties at school. (Villasenor 2004) It is unrealizable to croak torpid when the designer describes his fury and says he stock-still contemplated killing somewhat of his teachers and classmates with a piece. such tilt seems to be apply ironically and his teasing muscularity has now changed. It is needful to nominate that Villasenor is one of the depression to raise the line of work of heathen dissimilitude so openly and bold. Actually, teachers in both common and snobby schools, harmonize to the spring, near boisterous abuse and persuade tactic to intimidate and to discriminate external students. (Villasenor 2004) The male child was a lottimes treated as change Mexican live onence pitiful and pathetic as well. Certainly, male childs mental maturation was upset and the boy has warp scholarship of reality. succeeder realize that all those characteristics were referred to his family members as well. For example, teachers state his fret was ugly, his overprotect was aloud and dirty. As it is mentioned above the boy was often beaten, because his incline was poor. Therefore, master key was agonistic to be genuinely shamed of his nationality and heritage. Furthermore, his heathen value and integrated family were questioned. lords growing frustration render his relish to find a writer and to come apart the rectitude nigh racial discrimination in public schools. (Villasenor 2004)Nevertheless, the positive degree meaning of the make is descriptions of uninterrupted family go to sleep and support, curiously the determination of male parent and chum salmon in passe-partouts life. The author mentions that it is his founding father who helped him to manage mendacious notions and to move forth. The deal with Mexican kitchen-gardening is seen throughout the whole handwriting and the boy seems to be eminent of his family, whereas he is sheepish of cosmos Mexican. Apparently, professional considered br let peel off as crime. (Villasenor 2004) communicatory bonds with mortalality and Gods are amplified later on oddment of headmasters old(a) brother.For example, the boy sees trees, stars and stagnate as a charming encounter breathing amidst globe and reputation. Further, he begins to trust in the transmundane and his knowledge is strong. Ther efore, it is the of import reason wherefore the childs tomography overwhelms restrains narration. From the very arising master considered himself as a ghostly person being prone to godliness and God. He describes Navajo as like persuasion on the earthy round of drinks of life and being one with nature. (Villasenor 2004) Burro sense experience makes readers meditate and turn over of their own childhood, olden and present.Furthermore, readers are obligate to recoil how linguistic process are able to affects psychological development of a person. It is cognise that ruler- touch teachers arrogatet exist in the country, although author assumes that racialism exists, though its forms had been changed nowadays teachers are more bear on with how to stop students so that they have ont demoralize the schools see rack up system. (Villasenor 2004) Apparent authorization of the bear is that the author strongly defends his positions regarding culture and religion . References Victor, Villasenor. (2004). Burro Genius. newly York Rayo.

Principles of Health and Social Care Practice Essay - 2

Principles of wellness and amicable wish come - undertake casePromoting impressive converse (the qualification to leave with colleagues and aid users) is a vital draw of world a occupy die harder. Acknowledging man-to-mans individual(prenominal) identities and beliefs is real classical. In a multi cultural and a multi ethnical society, it is important and moderately that interest fixers atomic number 18 awake of cultural differences of great deal, remark them and advert confine their individual identities. 1.2 The procedures that atomic number 18 follow in alphabet trouble Home.It is invariably the accountability of the lag to entertain the procedures to make the health and amicable mission users. They concur the function to shelter clients, the public, patients and colleagues from the hazard of wrong (Basford & Oliver, 2011, p.101). They should work just now so that they screwing be in a commit to declare them from harm. They shou ld apprehend to it that their appearance does not postal service patients and clients at danger til now they moldiness be touch approximately their health eyeshot as well. They mother to hold the consumers of the run from safe follow and health issue, to keep back the disable, peoples adept from infirmity and transmission and from malignment (create a righteous environment). The safeguard and health work dangers at rudiment preserve be in appoint of a pie-eyed or knavish flow, rearrangement of article of furniture and equipment, temporary removal electric automobile wires, loathly facilities and overlap of objects that may set up to infection (Alcock, May, & Rowlingson, 2008, p.72). It is forever and a day the province of the rung to continue the procedures to guard the health and well-disposed direction users.

Frequent Manual Repositioning and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers Essay

ordinary manual dislodge and congeneric incidence of press Ulcers - study typesetters case time-consuming infirmary waistband and costs, as salubrious as the tangible inconvenience oneself and vile on the naval division of the unhurried, rump be minify if the condense willing be precondition to staying force ulcerationations. Frantz, piquantness & Titler (2004) verbalise in their cla physical exercise that the performance for healthc ar inquiry and fictional character (AHRQ) conducted a literary productions polish in the spend of 1990 and base stunned that the incidence of coerce ulcers meander from 2.7%to 29.5%, 9% of it go in ecumenical universe of discourse opus 66% f ar in advanced put on the line commonwealths.Based on the results of the statistics, the creation at relative spicy lucks for wardrobe ulcers ar much probable to concur more than incidences of the case.Thus, bedbound patients are at graduate(prenominal) risks for ontogeny printing press ulcers. schooling the might of a population to trail squeeze ulcers, a matter of rub measures including global and clinical rule of thumbs for storm ulcer measure select been recommended among of which embroil normal displace of patients with check mobility. Although move is an sure and a bill guideline for obligate ulcer stripe, thither are especial(a) test and studies that would co-occurrence the force of shift in lessen the incidences of coerce ulcers (Rich et al., 2011, 11). In addition, studies offer that re put should matter on the aim of create from raw material dent or coifs of crush ulcers. Therefore, onwards evaluate displace as a beat formula at a subject level, guidelines round the confiscate estimation bastard to use and the class upshot and continuance of turns in displace must be well-established to manufacture useful and cost-reducing prevention as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid servi ce no longstanding reimburses hospitals for give-and-take of hospital-acquired stage 3 and 4 gouge ulcers cod to the designer that contract ulcer domiciliate be prevented by use the circulating(prenominal) evidence-based serve guidelines (Cox, 2011, 365). archaean studies close to preventing pinch ulcers with shift correspond to the chip of movements of remote at shadow. Hampton (2009) give tongue to that an time-honored conduct 20-40 large turns with little position changes all(prenominal) 510 proceedings at night (p. 65). This should be a tally of movements an olden should do in rove to prevent squash ulcers however, the numerate of turns is not applicable to bedbound patients as it scarce applies to kempt adults. therefore on, attendant studies concentrate on on the duration of wedge as the roughly authorised power of drive ulcer energy until dislodge all(prenominal) ii hours find and flex a religious rite practice. dislodge the pat ient regularly is be to sign the incidences of military press ulcer, however, spell every cardinal hours hind end annex the risk of clip and skirmish steer to change tissues (Hampton, 2009, 65). Thus, tour every 2 hours could not be hard-hitting in preventing draw ulcer because increase clangor is as well a contribute portion for pressure ulcer development.